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Chapter 3 Managing Websites 35

Virtual hosts are multiple sites on the same server. These sites can be named-based

(such as www.example.com) or use IP addresses (such as 10.201.42.73). You can use the

Server Admin application to manage both named-based, and IP-based virtual hosts.

A multihomed site is a site that has more than one connection to the public Internet.

Multihoming is typically done to improve reliability and performance. Those multiple

connections might be through the same Internet service provider (ISP) or through

multiple ISPs, and they might involve multiple IP addresses or one address.

An Example of Using Aliases to Have a Site Respond to Multiple Names

If you want a website to respond to multiple names, choose one name as primary and

add the other names as aliases. To set up a website this way, use the primary name as

the site’s name in Server Admin (double-click the site and enter the primary name in

the General pane for the site, then add the other desired names in the Aliases pane for

that site).

For instance, if you want your website to respond to example.com, www.example.com,

and widget.example.com, you could set it up as follows (the names and IP addresses

are examples only):

Primary name: www.example.com (entered in the General pane for the site).

Secondary names: example.com and widget.example.com (entered in the Web Server

Aliases table of the site’s Aliases pane).

Ensure that your DNS server aliases your web server’s address to all three domain

names as well.

Virtual Hosts and Multiple Network Interfaces

By default, the web server is configured with a single “wildcard” virtual host. Such a

virtual host is useful for these reasons:

• It responds on all network interfaces and on all IP addresses on all those interfaces

• It responds to any DNS name that maps to any of those addresses

Other virtual hosts can be added using the Server Admin application. When virtual host

are added, the administrator can associate a specific IP address or a wildcard address

with each virtual host. (Note that this association with an IP address, not a network

interface name.)

In terms of virtual host listener configuration, Apache knows nothing about network

interface names such as en0; it only knows IP addresses and virtual host names.

If the web server has multiple interfaces and multiple addresses, configuring Apache to

use them is simply a matter of configuring virtual hosts to listen on the desired

addresses. An even simpler scenario is to allow the wildcard virtual host to respond to

all the addresses, which it does by default.

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Apache Technologies 14 Manual de usuario Pagina 35